Offer it voluntarily to offenders assessed as suitable — treatment should remain a medical decision requiring informed consent.

Make it a condition for early release in high-risk cases — offenders could refuse, but refusal could affect parole decisions.

Make it mandatory for repeat or exceptionally dangerous offenders — protecting potential victims should outweigh an offender's choice in the most serious cases.

Use therapy and supervision instead of medication — psychological treatment and monitoring address behaviour without altering an offender's hormonal or sexual functioning.

ecide entirely case by case — courts, doctors and risk-assessment professionals should determine the appropriate intervention for each individual.