CIVIC LANE Nearly 200,000 Polish teachers are expected to reach retirement age by the 2035/36 school year. The figure does not mean all of them will immediately leave the profession, but it highlights a major generational workforce challenge. Recruiting replacements may require higher pay, different training routes or changes to working conditions. Keeping older teachers longer could preserve experience but cannot solve the demographic problem indefinitely. The most important question is which intervention Poland should implement first.